Uses ĭNA origami structures can be powerful tools with applications in various scientific fields such as biomedical, environment, electronics, and in understanding fundamental scientific concepts and mechanisms. The resulting structures are then purified and analysed using techniques such as gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The biochemical reaction between scaffolds and staples forms the desired origami-like stable structure. A long, folded single strand of DNA called a scaffold interacts with hundreds of designed short strands called staples. The synthesis of these nanostructures uses unique properties of DNA molecules which can be designed to self-assemble into target shapes. DNA origami are designed using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to define sequences of nucleotides so that the resulting DNA strands combine to form a complex nanostructure. The sequence of nucleotides determines the shape of the molecule. DNA molecules are made of repeated units including molecules called nucleotides, whose proportions obey the Watson-Crick base pairing rule. The process forms DNA molecules into 1D, 2D or 3D shapes including squares, triangles, helixes or even more complex shapes in a way similar to the art of paper-folding. DNA origami are complex synthetic DNA nanostructures of a size ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres (billionths of a metre) created for functions other than the primary genetic role of DNA molecules.
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